早期康复对脑卒中致语言障碍恢复的影响

目的:观察早期康复对脑卒中致语言障碍恢复的影响.方法:将语言障碍患者50例,分为康复组25例,对照组25例,在治疗前后通过改良波士顿诊断性失语症检查法(BDAE)评价患者语言功能,明显好转的为评价结果提高2度者,好转为评价结果提高1度者,并比较治疗后康复组和对照组之间的差异.结果:康复组经4~6周治疗后明显好转18例,好转5例.对照组明显好转2例,好转4例.经过系统治疗的训练康复组言语功能明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:早期积极的主动性康复治疗可以进一步加快脑卒中致语言障碍的恢复.     

Disk Battery Ingestion in a Toddler: Less Than Meets the Eye

Background

Pediatric foreign-body ingestions are commonly managed by emergency physicians. Risk assessment and specific intervention are dependent on the nature and location of the foreign body. Radiographic evaluation is usually necessary to help define the clinical situation.

结肠癌组织中C/EBPα的表达及其对SW480细胞侵袭性的影响

目的综合分析结肠癌组织中转录因子CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白-α(C/EBPα)的表达,并研究C/EBPα的表达对结肠癌SW480细胞系侵袭性的影响。方法选取2014年1月至2015年9月在该院确诊为结肠癌的36例患者临床资料,利用免疫组织化学法分析36例结肠癌患者的结肠癌组织和正常组织中的C/EBPα表达情况。将结肠癌组中的C/EBPα表达情况设为研究组,正常组织中的C/EBPα表达情况设为对照组,每组均为18例。采用SPSS17.0统计学软件进行统计学分析,分析C/EBPα的表达与结肠癌临床病理参数之间的关系。在此基础上,利用蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)发现SW480细胞系为高表达C/EBPα肠癌细胞株;构建pCDGFP-C/EBPα真核表达质粒,通过细胞划痕实验研究其迁移能力的变化,并检测与肿瘤侵袭相关蛋白(KLF5、MMP-2、MMP-9、ECD)表达量的相关性。结果免疫组织化学法的相关研究结果显示,在正常组织中,C/EBPα的低表达率为6.21%;在结肠癌组织中,C/EBPα的低表达率为67.84%,两组数据比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Western blot结果显示,低表达C/EBPα的患者的肿瘤直径越大、TMN分期越晚,过表达C/EBPα的SW480细胞的KLF5、MMP-2、MMP-9表达越低,而E钙黏蛋白(ECD)表达越高。结论低表达C/EBPα与结肠癌的TMN分期和转移有着密切关系,过表达C/EBPα能够显著降低结肠SW480癌细胞的侵袭性,对未来的研究方向有着重要的临床研究价值。     

过氧化物酶Ⅰ在骨关节炎软骨组织中的表达与分布及意义

目的观察过氧化物酶Ⅰ（PrxⅠ）在正常和骨关节炎（OA）膝关节软骨组织中的表达和分布特点,探讨PrxⅠ与活性氧歧化物和凋亡等在OA软骨表层聚集现象之间的关联。方法分别从正常膝关节提取正常软骨（NC,n=21）和接受膝关节表面置换术的OA患者提取OA软骨（OA,n=21）,应用Westernblot技术检测PrxⅠ在正常软骨细胞和OA软骨细胞中表达水平的总体差异,并用免疫组织化学技术观察PrxⅠ蛋白在正常与OA软骨表/中/深各层组织表达和分布的特点。结果 Western blot证实PrxⅠ在OA软骨组织中的表达水平较正常软骨组织显著提高2.89倍（t=18.34,P〈0.01）。免疫组织化学显示PrxⅠ在正常软骨组织的表层、中层和深层呈现较均一的表达,但是,在OA软骨组织中,PrxⅠ的表达水平存在显著层间差异。PrxⅠ在软骨组织深层表达水平显著升高,但在浅层细胞中,PrxI的表达水平反而显著减低甚至缺如。结论虽然总体表达水平升高,但PrxⅠ在OA软骨组织表层的表达缺如,可能与OA软骨组织表层活性氧歧化物蓄积和细胞凋亡聚集现象相关。     

Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Communicative Activity Log (CAL)

Background: The ultimate goal of aphasia rehabilitation is to enhance communicative activities in people with aphasia (PWA) in order to increase their daily activities and social participation. The amount of communication and its quality largely vary according to language and cultural differences.

Aims: This study was designed to develop a Korean version of the Communicative Activity Log (CAL), and to verify its reliability and validity for PWA after stroke.

Methods & Procedures: A Korean version of the CAL (K-CAL) was developed through a cross-cultural adaptation process consisting of the following six steps: translation, reconciliation, back-translation, cognitive debriefing, feedback, and final reconciliation. Internal consistency, test–retest reliability, concurrent validity, and construct validity were used to verify its reliability and validity for PWA after stroke. A total of 50 PWA completed the K-CAL with the help of caregivers. All participants completed the K-CAL again 1 week later to measure test–retest reliability. Communication score on the Korean version of Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39 (K-SAQOL-39) was used to demonstrate concurrent validity. Severity of aphasia assessed by Korean version of the Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test (K-FAST) was used to determine construct validity of the K-CAL.

Outcomes & Results: Among the 50 PWA, 20 had cerebral infarction and 30 had brain haemorrhage. Mean duration after onset of aphasia was 47.96 ± 62.01 months. Mean communication scores on the K-SAQOL-39 and K-FAST were 2.63 ± 0.97 and 12.69 ± 9.78 points, respectively. K-CAL demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .987) and test–retest reliability (r = .915, p < .001). Correlation between K-CAL and communication score on the K-SAQOL-39 revealed a high concurrent validity (r = .915, p < .001). Correlation between K-CAL and K-FAST also showed a high construct validity (r = .882, p < .001).

Conclusions: A K-CAL was successfully developed through a cross-cultural adaptation process. Our results suggested that K-CAL had high reliability and validity for assessing communicative behaviour of Korean PWA after stroke.     

The role of intensity in constraint-induced language therapy for people with chronic aphasia

Background: Studies of intensive aphasia treatments vary widely in terms of treatment focus, in patient population and, in particular, in definition of what is considered “intensive”. Variability makes it difficult to compare among studies and to definitively determine whether more treatment is actually better. Constraint-induced language therapy (CILT) is one treatment that has been successfully replicated at approximately the same dosage with generally positive results.

Aims: The current study used a modified multiple baseline design across participants to investigate the administration of CILT at the standard intensive dosage of 30 hours over 2 weeks (CILT-I) compared to a more distributed dosage of 30 hours over 10 weeks (CILT-D).

Methods & Procedures: Eight participants with chronic aphasia participated in either CILT-I or CILT-D. Standardised and discourse measures were taken pre- and post-treatment and also 4 weeks after the completion of treatment. Discourse probes were administered after every 6 hours of treatment to assess change in productivity and efficiency over time.

Outcomes & Results: All of the participants who received CILT-I and CILT-D showed either an increased effect size on a discourse measure, a clinically significant change on a standardised battery or both. Gains were maintained in nearly all cases.

Conclusions: CILT administered in both intensive and distributed dosages resulted in positive changes in aphasia severity and discourse. This study adds evidence to the still inconclusive role of intensity to CILT.     

Telerehabilitation of anomia in primary progressive aphasia

Background: The efficacy of telerehabilitation-based treatment for anomia has been demonstrated in post-stroke aphasia, but the efficacy of this method of anomia treatment delivery has not been established within the context of degenerative illness.

Aims: The current study evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of a telerehabilitation-based approach to anomia treatment within the three subtypes of primary progressive aphasia (PPA).

Methods & Procedures: Each of the three telerehabilitation participants represented a distinct subtype of PPA. Following a baseline evaluation of language and cognition, a phonological treatment and an orthographic treatment were administered to all participants over the course of 6 months. One month after the end of treatment, a post-treatment evaluation began. All treatment sessions and the majority of the evaluation sessions were administered via telerehabilitation. Treatment effects were examined within each subject, and treatment effects were also compared between each telerehabilitation participant and a group of in-person participants who had the same subtype of PPA.

Outcomes & Results: All three telerehabilitation participants exhibited positive treatment effects. CGR (nonfluent/agrammatic variant PPA) and WCH (logopenic variant PPA) showed maintenance of naming for prophylaxis items under both treatment conditions, while ACR (semantic variant PPA) demonstrated increased naming of remediation items under the phonological treatment condition. Compared to in-person participants with the same subtype of PPA, each of the telerehabilitation participants typically showed effects that were either within the expected range or larger than expected.

Conclusions: Telerehabilitation-based anomia treatment is feasible and effective in all three subtypes of PPA.     

Candidacy for conversation partner training in aphasia: findings from a Dutch implementation study

Background: Aphasia rehabilitation should comprise a family-centred approach, involving main conversation partners in the rehabilitation process as soon as possible. A standardised approach to conversation partner training (CPT) became available in the Netherlands with the release of Partners of Aphasic clients Conversation Training (PACT). PACT was introduced in clinical practice in a multi-centre implementation study with 34 participating dyads.

Aims: To explore candidacy for CPT by describing the characteristics of dyads where the conversation partner engaged in CPT and to identify which characteristics had the potential to predict benefit of PACT.

Methods and Procedures: A pre-post treatment design was used in a multi-centre study. Pre- and post-CPT measures of psychosocial characteristics (caregiver burden, depression and coping) from the partner and behavioural characteristics (cognitive, linguistic and communicative) from the person with aphasia (PWA) were collected. Partner experience was assessed using four scales from the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory. Pre-post measures were analysed using paired T-tests and Wilcoxon signed ranks tests. Multiple regression analyses were used to assess potential predictors of training outcomes.

Outcomes and Results: Partners of people with moderate to severe aphasia engaged in PACT when it was first introduced in clinical practice (N = 34 dyads). Mean time post-onset was 11.5 months. Partners enjoyed the practical training in which they actively engaged through experiential learning methods. Partner scores increased significantly over the intervention time on task-oriented and avoidance-oriented coping skills and their symptoms of depression lowered significantly. Caregiver esteem was found to be a positive predictor of feelings of competence and enjoyment with the training. Older partners enjoyed the training less. More effort was given to the training by the partner when the aphasia was more severe.

Conclusions: This study found that partners are willing to engage in CPT once the PWA returned home and the dyads were engaging in more everyday conversations in their home environment. The results underline the importance of partner characteristics, such as motivation, coping style and a positive outlook on caregiving as possible selection criteria for CPT.     

芪苈强心胶囊与西药联用治疗心衰的临床数据分析

目的:通过对北京医院(以下简称我院)芪苈强心胶囊的总体用药情况及其在治疗慢性心力衰竭方面与西药的联用情况进行回顾性分析,探讨中西药物联用对于治疗慢性心衰的临床价值和不良反应风险,促进药物的安全合理使用。方法:通过我院计算机系统,提取2011—2013年芪苈强心胶囊的用药人数、性别、年龄、用药科室、病种分布及与西药联用的数据,重点分析芪苈强心胶囊和西药强心药的相互作用,探讨中西药物之间是否有相互协同或是相互拮抗的作用关系。结果:芪苈强心胶囊从2011年开始在我院使用,用药人数、金额和频度在2012,2013年有较大增长。用药的大多为老年患者(80%在60岁以上),且以男性居多。用药数量最多为心血管内科,其次为中医科。临床主要用于治疗慢性心衰,并与多种西药联用,其中包括与地高辛等强心药的联用。结论:芪苈强心胶囊的使用主要以西医大夫为主,多用于慢性心衰的治疗,需要注重辨证用药;临床上发现将该药与地高辛联用会导致地高辛血药浓度升高,因此临床药师建议医生谨慎联用这两种药物,并在2013年杜绝了两药的联用。